NONLINEARITY, NONLOCALITY AND ULTRAMETRICITY
International Conference on the Occasion of Branko Dragovich 80th Birthday
26 — 30.05.2025, Belgrade, Serbia




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Kostadin Trencevski

A model of universe as harmonic oscillator with periodic and avoided singularities of the mass and energy density

Abstract

Kostadin Trencevski, Emilija Celakoska, Ilija Jovceski It is presented a model of the universe which is intersection of two 4D spheres whose radii change by $cos (w\tau )$ and $\sin (w\tau)$. The time flow is admitted when the universe belongs to both spheres as harmonic oscillators. However, the critical mass density of the universe is limited and it helps the universe to avoid these periodic singularities. When this critical mass density is achieved, then the universe belongs only to one 4D sphere, and then there is no flow of time. This epoch can be called "frozen epoch". Dual to the space part of the universe there is also 3D temporal part, which enables motion in each direction. Symmetrically, there exist also two "Big Bang" singularities in this temporal part. The critical energy density is also limited and it helps the universe to avoid the "temporal Big Bang" singularities and then analogous "frozen epochs" also appear. As a consequence the universe periodically moves from spatial to temporal frozen epoch and back. At the present time the universe moves toward the temporal frozen epoch. The scalar curvature is calculated and the Cosmic Microwave Background radiation is explained. This model can be supported by the recent observations with the JWS Telescope, as it provided observation of many large galaxies close to the last singularity.